Fredrika Bremer Swedish Feminist Writer

Frederika Bremer (August 17, 1801 - December 31, 1865) was a  novelist, feminist, socialist, and mystic. She wrote in the literary genre called realism or liberalism. Early Life and Writing Fredrika Bremer was born in what was then Swedish Finland to a wealthy family which moved to Sweden when Fredrika was three years old. She was well educated and traveled widely, though her family limited her activities because she was a woman. Fredrika Bremer was, under the laws of her time, unable to make her own decisions about the money that she inherited from her family. The only funds under her own control were what she earned from her writing. She published her first novels anonymously. Her writing earned her a gold medal from the Swedish Academy. Religious Studies In the 1830s Fredrika Bremer studied philosophy and theology under the tutelage of a young Christianstad minister, Boeklin. She developed into both a sort of Christian mystic and, on earthly matters, a Christian socialist. Their relationship was interrupted when Boeklin proposed marriage. Bremer removed herself from direct contact with him for fifteen years, communicating only through letters. Travel to the United States In 1849-51, Fredrika Bremer traveled to the United States to study culture and the position of women. She found herself trying to understand the issues around slavery and developed an anti-slavery position. On this trip, Fredrika Bremer met and became acquainted with such American writers as Catharine Sedgwick, Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Washington Irving, James Russell Lowell, and Nathaniel Hawthorne. She met with Native Americans, slaveowners, slaves, Quakers, Shakers, prostitutes. She became the first woman to observe the US Congress in session, from the public gallery of the Capitol. After her return to Sweden, she published her impressions in the form of letters. International and Democratic Reforms In the 1850s, Bremer became involved in an international peace movement, and in pressing for civic democracy at home. Later, Fredrika Bremer traveled to Europe and the Middle East for five years, once again writing her impressions, this time publishing it as a diary in six volumes.  Her travel books are important depictions of human culture at that particular point in history. Reform of Womens Status Through Fiction With Hertha, Fredrika Bremer quite consciously risked her popularity, with her depiction of a woman freed of traditional female role expectations. This novel is credited with helping influence parliament to make some legal reforms in womens status. Swedens largest womens organization adopted the name Hertha in honor of Bremers novel. With Hertha, Fredrika Bremer quite consciously risked her popularity, with her depiction of a woman freed of traditional female role expectations. This novel is credited with helping influence parliament to make some legal reforms in womens status. Swedens largest womens organization adopted the name Hertha in honor of Bremers novel. Key Works of Fredrika Bremer: 1829 - The H Family (Familjen H, published in English as The Colonels Family in 1995)1824 - The Presidents Daughters1839 - The Home (Hemmet)1842 - The Neighbors (Grannarna)1853 - Homes in the New World (Hemen I den nya verlden)1856 - Hertha, or, The Story of a Soul1858 - Father and Daughter (Fader och dotter)

The Transatlantic Slave Trade And The United States

My ancestors, along with many other African Americans living in society today are decedents of African slaves. I can remember as far back as age 5 listening to the elders in my family talk about slavery. The word slavery originated when millions of African men and women were forcible taken from their families and the familiar surroundings of their African villages. Brought here to an unfamiliar environment and forced to work on plantations in different parts of the United States, usually from sun up to sun down. the transatlantic slave trade formally began in 1518, when King Charles I of Spain sanctioned the direct importation of Africans to his colonies in the America. The transatlantic slave trade became a lucrative international†¦show more content†¦Whippings, executions, beatings, and rape. all of these were common humiliations suffered by slaves. In reality, treatment of slaves ranged from mild to cruel and sadistic. Under slavery, slave-owners, controlled, and sold ent ire families of slaves. Slave owners might decide to sell families or family members for profit, as punishment, or to pay debts. Slave-owners also gave slaves away to grown children or other family members as wedding gifts. Slave children were considered ready to work and leave home once they were 12-14 years old. Darker-skinned slaves worked in the fields, while lighter-skinned slaves worked as house servants and had better clothing, food, and housing. Slaves were forbidding from reading or writing so they adopted a strong oral tradition of expression through songs, prayers, music, and story-telling. This allowed many slaves to feel a sense of cultural connection the home of their origin. this provided them a way of educate the younger generation on the customs, cultures and traditions. Growing up in a multigenerational household that included extended family members I learned how important that family/kinship bond is in providing moral and psychological support to a child. Although, they were captured and forcibly brought to America as slaves that did not prevent my ancestors from holding on to the religious practices that were common in their homeland. The musical rhythms, drumming, shouting,

Business Law of Directing Mind and Will †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Business Law of Directing Mind and Will. Answer: Directing mind and will According to the corporations law, when a particular person is related with the company, the conduct of such person can be considered as the conduct of the company if the person can be conceded as the directing mind and will of the corporation. After considering the facts of each case, it can be concluded that the person is the directing mind and will of the corporation (Hansmann, Kraakman and Squire, 2006). Hence, it cannot be inferred only due to the fact that a particular person is acting as the director of the corporation, data person is the directing mind and will of such company. The principle of directing mind and will has been incorporated in the Australian corporations law. In such cases, it can be considered that natural person is an embodiment of the company. This has been followed by the High Court in a number of cases where it has adopted the reasoning of Lord Reid that was applied by the court in Tesco Supermarkets Ltd. v Nattras (1971). Under the circumstances, it is c lear that a person acting at a senior position in the corporation can be described as the directing mind and will commence a person has the authority to perform as directed and in the interests of the corporation, the authority has been conferred on a person by the board of directors. For the purpose of identifying the directing mind and billing case of a particular corporation, it is necessary that the person taking care of the management and control concerning the act in question should be identified (Dewey, 1926). Piercing the corporate veil: A major advantage that is available in case of the entire duration of the company is related with the limited liability of its shareholders. However, in certain circumstances, it is available to the courts to ignore the separate legal identity of the corporation and hold the shareholders or the directors personally liable. Such a case is referred to as pacing the corporate veil or lifting the corporate veil. Generally, this method is used to walk towards the liability of the shareholders regarding the acts of the company (Lederman, 2000). Therefore it can be said that in case of lifting the corporate veil, the courts are allowed by thelaw to ignore the separate legal identity of the corporation. Therefore in such cases, the directors of the shareholders of a particular company can be held personally responsible for the debts and other obligations of the corporation. But at this point it needs to be noted that a strong presumption exists against the piercing the corporate veil. As a r esult, generally the courts are reluctant to pierce the corporate veil. Hence the courts are ready to pierce the corporate veil only where serious misconduct has been, for instance, if there is the abuse of corporate form (Gobert, 1994). In case of piercing the corporate veil, the court arrives at the decision where the rights and duties of the company will be treated as the obligations and rights of its members. Generally, due to the reason that a company is treated as having its own legal identity,, only the company is liable for its debts and obligations. However, there are certain exceptional circumstances where it may be decided by the courts that the principle of separate identity should be loaded and the corporate veil should be lifted. References Gobert, J. (1994) Corporate Criminality: Four Models of Fault, 14 Legal Studies 393 Hansmann, H., Kraakman R and Squire, R., (2006) 'Law and the Rise of the Firm', 119 Harvard Law Review 1333 Lederman, E. (2000) Models for imposing corporate criminal liability: from adaptation and imitation toward aggregation and the search for self-identity, 4 Buffalo Criminal Law Review 641 Dewey, J., (1926) 'The Historic Background of Corporate Legal Personality' 35 Yale Law Journal 655 Tesco Supermarkets Ltd v Nattrass [1971] UKHL 1

The Impact of the Haitian Revolution and the Wider Caribbean free essay sample

The epididymis, a whitish mass of tightly coiled tubes cupped against the testicles, acts as a maturation and storage for sperm before they pass into the  vas deferens, that carry sperm to the ampullary gland and  prostatic ducts. [edit]Vas deferens Main article:  Vas deferens The vas deferens, also known as the sperm duct, is a thin tube approximately 43. 2 centimetres long that starts from the epididymis to the pelvic cavity. [edit]Accessory glands Three accessory glands provide fluids that lubricate the duct system and nourish the sperm cells. They are the seminal vesicles, the prostate gland, and the bulbourethral glands (Cowper glands). [edit]Seminal vesicles Main article:  Seminal vesicle Seminal vesicles are sac-like structures attached to the vas deferens at one side of the bladder. They produce a sticky, yellowish fluid that contains fructose. This fluid provides sperm cells energy and aids in their motility. 70% of the semen is its secretion. We will write a custom essay sample on The Impact of the Haitian Revolution and the Wider Caribbean or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page [edit]Prostate gland Main article:  Prostate gland The prostate gland surrounds the ejaculatory ducts at the base of the urethra, just below the bladder. The prostate gland is responsible for the proof semen, a liquid mixture of sperm cells, prostate fluid and seminal fluid. This gland is also responsible for making the semen milky in appearance by mixing calcium to the semen coming from seminal vesicle (semen coming from the seminal vesicle is yellowish in color); the semen remains cloudy and clumpy until the prostatic profibrinolysin is formed into fibrinolysin and lysis of the fibrinogen from the seminal vesicle fluids occurs.